CCNA1 FINAL 100%

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1  A PC can not connect to any remote websites, ping its default gateway, or ping a printer that is functioning properly on the local network segment. Which action will verify that the TCP/IP stack is functioning correctly on this PC?

Use the ipconfig /all command at the host�s command prompt.
X Use the ping 127.0.0.1 command at the command prompt.
Use the traceroute command at the command prompt to identify any failures on the path to the     gateway.
Use FTP to check for connectivity to remote sites.
Download a troubleshooting tool from the PC manufacturer's website.


2  Refer to the exhibit. Which set of devices contains only intermediary devices?

X A, B, D, G
A, B, E, F
C, D, G, I
G, H, I, J


3  Refer to the exhibit. When computer A sends a frame to computer D, what computers receive the frame?

X only computer D
only computer A and computer D
only computer B, computer C, and computer D
all computers


4  Which password is automatically encrypted when it is created?

vty
aux
console
X enable secret
enable password


5  Which three statements characterize the transport layer protocols? (Choose three.)

X TCP and UDP port numbers are used by application layer protocols.
TCP uses port numbers to provide reliable transportation of IP packets.
UDP uses windowing and acknowledgments for reliable transfer of data.
X TCP uses windowing and sequencing to provide reliable transfer of data.
X TCP is a connection-oriented protocol. UDP is a connectionless protocol.


6  Which type of media is immune to EMI and RFI? (Choose two.)

10 Base-T
10 Base-2
10 Base-5
X 100 Base-FX
100 Base TX
X 1000 Base LX


7  Refer to the exhibit. A technician is working on a network problem that requires verification of the router LAN interface. What address should be pinged from this host to confirm that the router interface is operational?

127.0.0.1
192.168.64.196
X 192.168.254.1
192.168.254.9
192.168.254.254


8  Refer to the exhibit. The diagram represents the process of sending email between clients. Select the list below that correctly identifies the component or protocol used at each numbered stage of the diagram.

1.MUA 2.MDA 3.MTA 4.SMTP 5.MTA 6.POP 7.MDA 8.MUA
1.MUA 2.POP 3.MDA 4.SMTP 5.MTA 6.MDA 7.SMTP 8.MUA
1.MUA 2.POP 3.SMTP 4.MDA 5.MTA 6.SMTP 7.POP 8.MUA
1.MDA 2.SMTP 3.MTA 4.SMTP 5.MTA 6.MUA 7.POP 8.MDA
X 1.MUA 2.SMTP 3.MTA 4.SMTP 5.MTA 6.MDA 7.POP 8.MUA


9  Refer to the exhibit. What function does router RT_A need to provide to allow Internet access for hosts in this network?

X address translation
DHCP services
ftpd
web server


10  Refer to the exhibit. The network containing router B is experiencing problems. A network associate has isolated the issue in this network to router B? What action can be preformed to correct the network issue?

issue the ip address command on interface FastEthernet 0/0
X issue the no shutdown command on interface FastEthernet 0/1
issue the clock rate command on interface Serial 0/0/0
issue the description command on interface Serial 0/0/1


11  Which three IPv4 addresses represent a broadcast for a subnet? (Choose three.)

X 172.16.4.63 /26
172.16.4.129 /26
X 172.16.4.191 /26
172.16.4.51 /27
X 172.16.4.95 /27
172.16.4.221 /27


12  What are three characteristics of CSMA/CD? (Choose three.)

Devices can be configured with a higher transmission priority.
A jam signal indicates that the collision has cleared and the media is not busy.
X A device listens and waits until the media is not busy before transmitting.
The device with the electronic token is the only one that can transmit after a collision.
X All of the devices on a segment see data that passes on the network medium.
X After detecting a collision, hosts can attempt to resume transmission after a random time delay has expired.


13  In a Cisco IOS device, where is the startup-configuration file stored?

Flash
X NVRAM
RAM
ROM


14  A routing issue has occurred in you internetwork. Which of the following type of devices should be examined to isolate this error?

access point
host
hub
X router
switch


15  Which OSI layer protocol does IP rely on to determine whether packets have been lost and to request retransmission?

application
presentation
session
X transport


16  Due to a security violation, the router passwords must be changed. What information can be learned from the following configuration entries? (Choose two.)

Router(config)# line vty 0 3
Router(config-line)# password c13c0
Router(config-line)# login

The entries specify three Telnet lines for remote access.
X The entries specify four Telnet lines for remote access.
The entries set the console and Telnet password to "c13c0".
Telnet access will be denied because the Telnet configuration is incomplete.
X Access will be permitted for Telnet using "c13c0" as the password.


17  Which prompt represents the appropriate mode used for the copy running-config startup-config command ?

Switch-6J>
X Switch-6J#
Switch-6J(config)#
Switch-6J(config-if)#
Switch-6J(config-line)#


18  Which combination of network id and subnet mask correctly identifies all IP addresses from 172.16.128.0 through 172.16.159.255?

172.16.128.0 255.255.255.224
172.16.128.0 255.255.0.0
X 172.16.128.0 255.255.192.0
172.16.128.0 255.255.224.0
172.16.128.0 255.255.255.192


19  When must a router serial interface be configured with the clock rate command?

when the interface is functioning as a DTE device
when the interface timers have been cleared
when the connected DTE device is shut down
X when the interface is functioning as a DCE device


20  When connectionless protocols are implemented at the lower layers of the OSI model, what are usually used to acknowledge the data receipt and request the retransmission of missing data?

connectionless acknowledgements
X upper-layer connection-oriented protocols
Network layer IP protocols
Transport layer UDP protocols


21  A technician is asked to secure the privileged EXEC mode of a switch by requiring a password. Which type of password would require this login and be considered the most secure?

console
enable
X enable secret
VTY


22  Refer to the exhibit. What is required on host A for a network technician to create the initial configuration on RouterA?

a FTP client
a telnet client
X a terminal emulation program
a web browser


23  Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator remotely accesses the CLI of RouterB from PC1. Which two statements are true about the application layer protocol that is used to make this connection? (Choose two.)

The data is encrypted.
X The connection type is called a VTY session.
A server process is running on PC1.
A GET request is sent to RouterB.
X The application name is the same for the service, protocol, and client.


24  The Layer 4 header contains which type of information to aid in the delivery of data?

X service port number
host logical address
device physical address
virtual connection identifier


25  Refer to the exhibit. What two facts can be determined about the exhibited topology? (Choose two.)

X A single broadcast domain is present
Two logical address ranges are required.
Three broadcast domains are shown.
Four networks are needed.
X Five collision domains exist.


26  Refer to the exhibit. A network technician is trying to determine the correct IP address configuration for Host A. What is a valid configuration for Host A?

IP address: 192.168.100.19; Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.248; Default Gateway: 192.16.1.2
X IP address: 192.168.100.20; Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.240; Default Gateway: 192.168.100.17
IP address: 192.168.100.21; Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.248; Default Gateway: 192.168.100.18
IP address: 192.168.100.22; Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.240; Default Gateway: 10.1.1.5
IP address: 192.168.100.30; Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.240; Default Gateway: 192.168.1.1
IP address: 192.168.100.31; Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.240; Default Gateway: 192.168.100.18


27  Refer to the exhibit. Cable 1 and cable 2 have the ends wired for specific physical layer requirements. The table lists each segment by number and the cable which has been installed by the network technician between the network components on that segment. From the data given, which segments have the correct cable installed? (Choose three.)

X segment1
segment2
X segment3
X segment4
segment5


28  What is true regarding network layer addressing? (Choose three.)

uses a flat structure
prevent broadcasts
X heirarchical
X uniquely identifies each host
48 bits in length
X contains a network portion


29  Refer to the exhibit. A router, whose table is shown, receives a packet that is destined for 192.168.1.4. How will router treat the packet?

The packet will be dropped.
The packet will be forwarded via FastEthernet 0/0.
X The packet will be forwarded to the destination host.
The packet will be forwarded to the 192.168.1.3 next-hop address.


30  Refer to the exhibit. Which two statements describe the information that is represented in the header? (Choose two.)

This is a server response.
The UDP protocol is being used.
X The destination port indicates a Telnet session.
X The return segment will contain a source port of 23.
The next session originated from the client of this session will use the source port number 13358.


31  Refer to the exhibit. What is the correct destination socket number for a web page request from Host A to the web server?

00-08-a3-b6-ce-46
X 198.133.219.25:80
http://www.cisco.com
C 198.133.219.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0


32  During the encapsulation process, which identifiers are added at the transport layer?

two networks routing the packets
X two applications communicating the data
two hosts at either end of the communication
two nodes on the local network exchanging the frame


33  Refer to the exhibit. A student has wired each end of a CAT 5e cable as shown. What is the result? (Choose two.)

The cable is unusable and must be rewired.
The cable is suitable for use as a Gigabit Ethernet straight-through.
X The cable is suitable for use as a Fast Ethernet crossover.
The cable is suitable for use as a rollover cable.
The cable is suitable for use as a Gigabit Ethernet crossover.
X The cable is suitable for use between two 100 Mbps Auto-MDIX capable switches.


34  Refer to the exhibit. Assume all devices are using default configurations. How many subnets are required to address the topology that is shown?

1
X 3
4
5
7


35  Refer to the exhibit. On the basis of the IP configuration that is shown, what is the reason that Host A and Host B are unable to communicate outside the local network?

Host A was assigned a network address.
Host B was assigned a multicast address.
Host A and Host B belong to different networks.
X The gateway address was assigned a broadcast address.


36  Refer to the exhibit. Each media link is labeled. What type of cable should be used to connect the different devices?

Connection 1 - rollover cable
Connection 2 - straight-through cable
Connection 3 - crossover cable

Connection 1 - crossover cable
Connection 2 - rollover cable
Connection 3 - crossover cable

Connection 1 - straight-through cable
Connection 2 - crossover cable
Connection 3 - crossover cable

X Connection 1 - straight-through cable
Connection 2 - crossover cable
Connection 3 - straight-through cable


Connection 1 - crossover cable
Connection 2 - straight-through cable
Connection 3 - crossover cable


37  Refer to the exhibit. What does the IP address 192.168.33.2 represent?

The host's default gateway.
The host's IP address.
X The host's primary domain name server.
The IP address of the website resolver1.mooki.local.
The IP address of the host's homepage.


38  Refer to the exhibit. What two facts can be determined from the information that is given? (Choose two.)

This exchange is part of the three-way handshake.
The source port indicates that a Telnet session has been initiated.
The data is flowing from server to client.
X The destination port indicates that an HTTP session has been initiated.
X The data listed is associated with the transport layer.
The source port does not support communication with the destination port that is listed.


39  Which of the following are the address ranges of the private IP addresses? (Choose three.)

X 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255
200.100.50.0 to 200.100.25.255
150.150.0.0 to 150.150.255.255
X 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255
X 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
127.16.0.0 to 127.31.255.255


40  Which two functions of the OSI model occur at layer two? (Choose two.)

X physical addressing
encoding
routing
cabling
X media access control


41  Which range of port numbers are reserved for services that are commonly used by applications that run on servers?

0 to 255
X 0 to 1023
1024 to 49151
49152 to 65535


42  As network administrator, what is the subnet mask that allows 510 hosts given the IP address 172.30.0.0?

255.255.0.0
255.255.248.0
255.255.252.0
X 255.255.254.0
255.255.255.0
255.255.255.128


43  Refer to the exhibit. The tracert command is initiated from PC1 to the destination PC4. Which device will send a response to the initial packet from PC1?

X  London
Paris
Athens
Ankara
PC4


44  Refer to the exhibit. Host A is transmitting data to host B. What addresses will host A use to for the destination IP and MAC addresses in this communication?

Destination MAC: BBBB:BBBB:BBBB Destination IP: 172.22.0.62
Destination MAC: DDDD:DDDD:DDDD Destination IP: 172.22.0.75
Destination MAC: EEEE:EEEE:EEEE Destination IP: 172.22.0.62
Destination MAC: BBBB:BBBB:BBBB Destination IP: 172.22.0.75
X Destination MAC: EEEE:EEEE:EEEE Destination IP: 172.22.0.75
Destination MAC: DDDD:DDDD:DDDD Destination IP: 172.22.0.94


45  Refer to the exhibit. Which logical topology best describes the exhibited network?

star
ring
point-to-point
X multiaccess
mesh


46  Examine the graphic with current configurations. Host A in the Clerical offices failed and was replaced. Although a ping to 127.0.0.1 was successful, the replacement computer can not access the company network. What is the likely cause of the problem?

IP address incorrectly entered
network cables unplugged
X subnet mask incorrectly entered
network card failure


47  Refer to the exhibit. With the router running NAT, what IP addresses can be applied to the computer to allow access to the Internet? (Choose three.)

192.168.18.38
192.168.18.48
X 192.168.18.49
X 192.168.18.52
X 192.168.18.59
192.168.18.63


48  Refer to the exhibit. What three statements are true about the IP configuration that is shown? (Choose three.)

X The address that is assigned to the computer represents private addressing.
X The computer is unable to communicate outside of the local network.
The network of this computer can have 126 hosts.
X The prefix of the computer address is /27.
The IP address that is assigned to the computer is routable on the Internet.
The IP address that is assigned to the computer is a broadcast address.


49  Refer to the exhibit. Host A attempts to establish a TCP/IP session with host C. During this attempt, a frame was captured with the source MAC address 0050.7320.D632 and the destination MAC address 0030.8517.44C4. The packet inside the captured frame has an IP source address 192.168.7.5, and the destination IP address is 192.168.219.24. At which point in the network was this packet captured?

leaving host A
leaving ATL
X leaving Dallas
leaving NYC


50  Which of the following OSI layers offers reliable, connection-oriented data communication services?

application
presentation
session
transport
X network

Lab 2, Modelling the CCNA Topology

This lab will teach you how to model the CCNA lab topology in a WAN scale.

Skills Required

This lab assumes that you have already completed lab 1.

The CCNA Lab Topology

This is the topology used in the CCNA practical labs. Study the diagram to see the construct of this topology.

Creating the Project

Create a new project named ‘CCNA_Lab’ call the scenario ‘baseline’.

In the start-up wizard when choosing the network scale select the ‘choose from maps’ option and click ‘next’.

From the list of maps offered choose the ‘UK’ map and click ‘next’.

When selecting technologies for the project choose the Sm_Int_Model_List, ‘ethernet’ and ‘ethernet_advanced’ model groups and continue through the wizard until the project screen opens showing a map of the ‘UK’.

Placing Subnets on the Map

Select the ‘subnet’ object from the object palate and place four of them on the map as shown below.

Rename these subnets, Subnet_A, Subnet_B, Subnet_C and Subnet_DE. To do this ‘right-click’ over the Subnet and select the ‘Edit Attributes’ option then change the value in the name field and ‘click’ ‘Ok’.

It should now look like this.

The subnets are named after the routers they contain. Note how the subnet over London contains both routers D and E. On the lab topology these routers are connected together through a hub on a local network.

Subnet_A

To enter one of the subnets ‘double-click’ over it with the mouse. The project view will change to that of inside the subnet.

The first thing we need to do is place a router in the subnet. Change the object palate to the ‘Cisco’ Group.

Study the CCNA topology, the Lab_A router needs 2 Ethernet interfaces and one serial interface. We are going to use 1600 series Cisco routers in this topology, Find one with the appropriate interfaces, The CS_1605R_e2_s1 satisfies these demands, Place one inside the subnet then re name it Lab_A.

To rename the router ‘right-click’ and ‘Edit Attributes’ as with the subnet. Name the router Lab_A.

Now change the object palate back to the ‘CCNA-Lab-Baseline’ group and place 2 more subnets beside the router.

Rename the subnets ‘Switch_Subnet’ and ‘Hub_Subnet’ as shown below.

Now enter the Switch subnet by ‘double-clicking’ the icon.

Inside the switch subnet use the ‘configure rapid topology’ tool to create a star network topology the setting for which are shown below.

Rename the switch ‘Lab_A_Switch’.

Now go to the hub subnet and create another rapid configuration, this time using a 64-port Ethernet hub as the centre node and only 40 workstations. Don’t forget to rename the hub Lab_A_Hub.

Now return to subnet A. In the object palate select the 10BaseT link and connect the Router to each of the subnets. Before the link is created you will be prompted to select the node within each subnet to which it will connect. Connect through the nodes named Lab_A_Switch and Lab_A_Hub. See how that by naming the nodes we have made them easy to identify.

Subnet A should now like this:

Now go to Subnet B

This subnet requires a router with 2 serial interfaces and one Ethernet interface. Find the appropriate 1600 series router and place one in the subnet, re name it Lab_B. Now repeat the same rapid configuration as the in the lab B hub subnet. Name the hub Lab_B_Hub connect it to the router using a 10BaseT link. It should now look like this:

Now go to subnet B and repeat this topology remembering to name the Router Lab_B and the hub Lab_C_Hub.

To speed up this process you may wish to select all the nodes then use the ‘cut’ and ‘paste’ functions under the ‘Edit’ menu. The nodes can then be renamed.

Now go to subnet D.

This subnet will contain 2 routers, Lab D and lab E. Each requires 1 Ethernet interface and lab D requires 1 serial interface. Place the appropriate routers in the subnet then rename them Lab_D and Lab_E.

Now create another rapid configuration for a hub with 40 workstations as with the other subnets, rename the hub Lab_DE_Hub.

Now connect the lab D and E routers to the hub using 10BaseT links.

The finished subnet should look like this:

Now return to the map of the UK.

The next step is to connect the routers together. This will be done using 28K point-to-point protocol links.

Change the object panel to the links view. Now find the PPP 28K link and use it to connect each of the subnets. Each time a link is drawn you will be prompted to select the node to which the link attaches. Select the router for each subnet, the lab D router for subnet DE.

The completed network should look like this.

The Network we have Created

This network resembles that of a company with 4 offices operating in the UK. For this lab we will assume the company sells insurance over the phone. Subnet A is the head office. The head office is served by the 100 node switched network. This site also contains a sub office as subnets B,C and D. These are the call centres from where sales are made.

Our next step is to create some traffic for the network. In this scenario we will simulate the typical traffic used by a company. This is as follows:

Light e-mail – Used by staff to communicate with each other.

Light web browsing – An intranet is used to present staff with sales details.

Medium database access – An internal database will store the records used by staff to conduct day-to-day business operations.

A workgroup server will be attached to each hub to provide the local network with e-mail and intranet facilities.

A single server located at the head office in the Lab_A_switch subnet will provide database access to the entire company.

Adding Traffic to the Network

As you may remember from lab1 to add traffic to the network you need to define it through an application definition and a profile definition. From the CCNA_Lab-Baseline object palette find the two icons as pictured below and place them in the project workspace.

Not how this time we are not using pre-defined configs but we are going to define them ourselves.

Firstly we will define the application config telling Opnet which applications we are going to be using.

Right-click over the ‘Application Definition’ icon and choose to ‘Edit Attributes’ From the menu that appears.

Now click over the ‘value’ field next to the ‘Application Definitions’ attribute and select ‘edit’ from the popup menu.

The following window will appear:

In this table we will define our applications. As we want 3 types of application e-mail, web browsing and database we will need to enter 3 rows. Change the value in the rows box at the bottom left of the screen to 3. Three rows will now appear in the table.

We now have to enter our 3 applications.

For the first row ‘click’ the mouse over the description field and select ‘Edit’ from the drop down menu.

The first traffic we will define is the high load database access. In the window that appears locate the ‘database’ attribute and change the value to ‘Medium Load’ as pictured below.

Now click ‘OK’.

Rename the application Database, ‘Medium Load’ in the attributes table.

Now change the other fields to enter low load e-mail and web browsing. Note that web browsing comes under ‘http’ when selecting the application.

The finished application table should look like this, remember to name the applications.

Now click ‘Ok’.

You now need to enter the profile definition to generate application layer traffic. Right-click over the profile configuration and choose to ‘Edit Attributes’ from the menu that appears.

Click the mouse over the ‘value’ field for the ‘Profile Configuration’ attribute. A window will appear similar to that of the application definition table. This is the profile configuration table.

Change the number of rows to 3.

Change the profile names to ‘database, medium’, ‘web, light’ and ‘e-mail, light’.

Then edit the applications value and select the appropriate value from the applications we have defined. The finished applications table will look like this:

Click ‘Ok’ and exit to the network screen.

Creating Servers for the Network

Workgroup servers will be the source for all the traffic. There will be workgroup 4 servers, one in each of the subnets connected to the hubs using a 10BaseT link.

Each of the workgroup servers will need to be configured to tell Opnet which applications they will run. To reducer the amount of repetitive data entering we will set-up one server then copy and paste it into each location. This is possible because they are all going to serve the same applications.

The workgroup servers will provide e-mail and intranet access.

In subnet A, enter the hub subnet. In the object palate find the intermediate Ethernet server.

Now place one in the workspace and connect it to the hub using a 10BaseT link. Name the server Subnet_A_Server,

Right-click over the server and select the ‘Edit Attributes’ option.

In the attributes window click the mouse over the value field for the ‘Application: Supported Services’ attribute and select ‘Edit’ from the drop down menu.

You will now be presented with the application: supported services window. Change the number of rows to 2 then click over the name field and change the values to the applications for e-mail and web browsing that defined earlier. The window should now look like this:

Click ‘Ok’ and return to the subnet.

Now select the server node and from the ‘Edit’ menu select ‘copy’. Use the ‘Paste’ function to place a server in each subnet then connect them to the hubs using 10BaseT links.

Now place another server in the Switch subnet located in subnet A. use a 10BaseT link to connect it to the switch.

Now use the knowledge you have gained in this lab to configure the server to serve medium database access.

Finally before we can run our simulation we need to change the profiles for each of the Sm_Int_Wkstn’s to use the traffic we defined. To do this, enter one of the subnets and select all the Sm_Int_Wkstn nodes.

Now edit the attributes and check the box in the bottom left of the window to ‘Apply Changes to Selected Objects’. This will apply our changes to all the selected nodes.

Edit the ‘Application: Supported Services’ attribute and add 3 rows to the table to include all our traffic. It should look like this:

You will now have to repeat this for each of the subnets.

Running the Simulation

Right click on each server in turn and select to gather results for the server load (bits/sec) for each one.

Now select each of the point-to-point links between the routers and choose to collect results for the point to point utilisation in both directions.

Now run the simulation for 15 minutes.

Notice how long the simulation takes to run, this is because we are simulating a far heavier load of traffic than in lab 1 so Opnet takes a lot longer to calculate results.

How do you think the results for the server load an point to point utilisation will differ for each node and link? Why do you think this is?

The results for server load should resemble these.

As you can see from the results the load on the workgroup servers is far lower than that of the enterprise server. This is because they have to serve less data to fewer machines.

Now look at the results for point-to-point utilisation between subnets A and B, and subnets C and DE.

They should resemble this:

As you can see the utilization between subnets A and B is substantially higher than that between subnets C and DE. This is because all traffic for the enterprise server that is not going to subnet A crosses this link to supply subnets B, C and DE where only traffic to and from subnet DE crosses the link between subnets C and DE. Where the point-to-point utilisation reaches 100% the link is fully burdened with traffic. At these times traffic will take a long time to traverse the links.

Extension Work

Clear the traffic profiles you have created and set-up the network to use different traffic types. Investigate the demands of the varying traffic types place on the network.

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